在英语定语从句中,关系副词"when"专门用来指代时间,它在从句中充当时间状语,连接主句和从句,同时代替先行词在从句中的时间状语功能。
核心功能:when = 介词(如in, on, at等)+ which
例如:
使用when的关键条件是:先行词必须是表示时间的名词,且在定语从句中作时间状语。
| 先行词类型 | 示例 |
|---|---|
| 具体时间点(time, moment) | Do you remember the time when we got lost in London? |
| 日期(day, date) | July 4th is the day when Americans celebrate Independence Day. |
| 时期(period, age) | The 1920s was a period when jazz music became popular. |
| 场合(occasion) | A wedding is an occasion when families gather together. |
特别注意:如果表示时间的先行词在定语从句中不是作状语,而是作主语或宾语,则不能使用when,而要用which或that。
| 错误用法 | 正确用法 | 分析 |
|---|---|---|
| I remember the day when we spent together. (✗) | I remember the day that/which we spent together. (✓) | spent是及物动词,需要宾语,the day作宾语而非状语 |
| The time when is most precious is now. (✗) | The time that/which is most precious is now. (✓) | the time在从句中作主语,而非状语 |
在非正式英语中,当先行词是time, day, moment等时,关系副词when常可省略。
但是,当when前面有介词时,不能省略:
通过以下对比表格,可以更清晰理解when与which/that的区别:
| 句子 | 关系词 | 从句成分 | 分析 |
|---|---|---|---|
| I remember the day when she arrived. | when | 时间状语 | arrive是不及物动词,不需要宾语 |
| I remember the day that we spent together. | that/which | 宾语 | spent是及物动词,需要宾语 |
| There are moments when I feel inspired. | when | 时间状语 | feel是不及物动词,不需要宾语 |
| The time that has passed will never return. | that/which | 主语 | the time在从句中作主语 |
通过以下练习巩固when的用法(答案见底部):
关系副词when在定语从句中的使用可总结为三个关键点:
掌握这些规则,就能准确使用when连接包含时间信息的定语从句,使英语表达更加准确和流畅。